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Railway Fare Hikes and What They Mean for IRCTC, IRFC, and RVNL Stocks
Business, Equities, Markets - January 14, 2025

Railway Sector's Budget Allocation and Stock Performance: Insights for Investors

Railway Sector’s Budget Allocation and Stock Performance: Insights for Investors

Until the year 2016, the Indian Railway ministry published the budget separately every year. During this period, there exist only fewer companies in the railway sector leading to limited investment opportunities for investors. After this, the government of India decided to merge the railway budget with the Union Budget. It led to significant transformation of investment opportunities available in the sector for investors due to increase in transparency, accountability and also number of investment opportunities.

Significance of Railway Budget
Since the listing of Public sector undertakings (PSUs) from the railway sector in the year 2018, it has persistently surpassed benchmark indices. Also, the Indian Railway has a strong influence on the daily life and economic activities of the nation.

In the current budget presentation, the ministry of finance has given the railway sector only a short mention. Despite this, it has a great significance. The investors and analysts are keen to know the capital allocation for the railway sector by the Indian finance ministry.

The capital allocation for each fiscal year from 2018 to 2025 has recorded a significant upward trend. It has risen to over six times which accounts for a surge from Rs. 43,230 crore to a significant amount of Rs. 265,000 crore. It’s not just the allocation which attracts investors but also the extensive use of these funds.

According to the outlay report of Indian Railways published on 5th January, 2025, the sector has effectively used 76 percent of the allocated funds by the month of December, 2024. This effective utlisiation of funds accounts to Rs.1,92,446 crore out of the total allocation of funds of Rs. 2,65,200 crore. While the utilization of funds for the safety initiatives accounts to around 82 percent of the total funds allocated for safety-related works.

This considerable amount of allocation and also effective use of the funds hint at an active as well as successful year. It has a significant record of giving good returns to investors considering the remarkable performance of railway stocks to surpass benchmark indices since post-2018 listing.

Railways stocks’ historical outperformance
The track record of PSUs of the railway sector to perform well compared to the market indices is significant, particularly in the pre-budget announcement period. This trend is usually recorded when the market is in a bullish or stable condition, prior to the budget presentation. In almost every case till now, the public sector companies in the railway sector have followed this trend with the exception of IRCTC stocks.

Recent Performance of Railway Stocks
In recent times, the stock market is facing a selloff situation, where many investors are trying to sell their stocks leading to a considerable fall in the stock prices. The budget date is coming closer, investors’ expectations are increasing towards the government’s plan to strengthen economic growth. The crucial need of the government is to give a boost to economic growth. The Indian government also has to focus on increasing infrastructure expenditure in sectors such as railways.

In case of stabilisation of market conditions in the next couple of weeks, it can possibly lead to repetition of the historical trend of outperformance of railway stocks.

Currently, railway stocks recorded a sharp decline compared to their high record in 2024. The reason for this is prevailing low market sentiments. The railway stocks such as RVNL, RailTel, IRFC, IRCTC, and other railway stocks observed a decline of around 48 percent from their previous highs in the year 2024.

The head of Research at Motilal Oswal Financial Services, Siddhartha Khemka stated that the reason for the performance of rail stocks is declining due to comparatively weak government spending in the current fiscal year. It has led to railway contracts to be delayed or on hold. He further stated the market is anticipating that government spending will rise in the second half of the fiscal year 2025. This will help the railway contracts to revive.

He also states that the present price levels can act as an opportunity for investors to invest in rail stocks but he warns that the market expectation should be in line with actual government activity. As alignment of both market expectation and government actions with each other will make sure that the future growth will remain strong.

The head of research of Sharekhan, Sanjeev Hota also stated that the railway sector has strengthening growth potential as well as visibility of the business is good, considering the government’s focus on infrastructural development.

The analysts stated that there is a requirement of decline in rail stocks to mitigate the adverse effect of the rise of the past two years’ inflated price level. Hota further suggests that a very careful approach needs to be followed in terms of investment in rail stocks. He states that the condition of trade-off in risk and reward is not good even when the price of rail stocks is in correction. He also advocates that the investment in rail stocks should not be increased and also proposes to wait for more decline in price levels.

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Indian Gem & Jewelry Market Set to Grow from $85 Billion to $130 Billion by 2030

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Avantel Soars 6% with ₹25 Crore DRDO Deal!
Business, Equities, Markets - January 14, 2025

India Eyes Stronger Growth in FY25, Stays on Fiscal Target Path

India Eyes Stronger Growth in FY25, Stays on Fiscal Target Path

India’s government is poised to project higher economic growth for the upcoming fiscal year, signaling optimism amid recent slowdown concerns. According to government officials, the anticipated nominal GDP growth is expected to be between 10.3% and 10.5%, surpassing the current fiscal year’s forecast of 9.7%.

This positive outlook aims to alleviate market apprehensions about an economic deceleration that have emerged since November. Despite this optimism, the economy is projected to experience its slowest growth in four years during 2024/25.

N.R. Bhanumurthy, director at the Madras School of Economics, considers the nominal GDP estimate for the next fiscal year to be realistic. He attributes potential growth to increased government capital spending, advancements in agriculture, and a resurgence in exports.

Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman is expected to announce personal income tax reductions in the forthcoming budget on February 1. This move aims to stimulate demand among salaried individuals who have curtailed discretionary spending due to sluggish wage growth and elevated food inflation.

Importantly, these tax cuts are not anticipated to derail India’s fiscal consolidation efforts. The government projects the current fiscal year’s budget deficit to be 10 to 20 basis points below the initially estimated 4.9%, partly due to spending delays caused by last year’s national elections and monsoons. Additionally, the target to reduce the fiscal deficit to below 4.5% in the forthcoming financial year remains intact.

Nominal economic growth, which combines real GDP and inflation, serves as a foundation for forecasting government revenue, expenditure, and deficits. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s administration has previously implemented measures such as corporate tax reductions, production-linked incentives for manufacturers, and increased infrastructure spending to bolster growth.

Despite these initiatives, challenges persist. Job creation has not kept pace with the needs of the world’s most populous nation, and wage growth for urban salaried workers remains subdued. Consequently, discretionary spending has declined, exacerbated by significant increases in food prices, particularly vegetables.

Business groups are advocating for additional measures, including reductions in fuel taxes, sustained infrastructure investment, and lower import duties, to further stimulate economic activity.

In summary, while the Indian government is set to forecast stronger economic growth for the next fiscal year and remains committed to fiscal discipline, addressing underlying challenges such as job creation, wage stagnation, and inflation will be crucial to achieving these projections.

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Indian Gem & Jewelry Market Set to Grow from $85 Billion to $130 Billion by 2030

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Sensex Jumps 450 Points Amid Renewed US-China Trade Hopes and Strong Sectoral Buying
Business, Equities, Markets - January 14, 2025

Priortize capital preservation in view of likely market downturn

Priortize capital preservation in view of likely market downturn

Following the past six months, the equity market is showing an unstable and risky pattern. From the month of June 2024, every month is recording a significant price dip in the headline indices. After these dips, the prices of the indices do recover but not much. It only gives relief for a short time indicating a weak and unconvincing recovery.

Effects of stop loss levels
Traders usually keep stop loss while trading on their investments. In this scenario, the stop loss levels put by traders has led to booking of losses by traders. The reason for this is once the stop loss is triggered, the sell orders are automatically executed leading to traders recording losses in transactions.

Further, the loss booked is not recovered because traders are reluctant to purchase the same stock again at a considerable higher price level. This is the reason why price levels of stocks which were supposed to recover observed a weak recovery. Also even if the price levels increase, the traders are not able to recover the losses due to being sceptical about buying again at a higher rate.

Broad picture of the stock market
The intensity of the fall in the headline indices is not the only reason for the stock market to be at risk. The other reason is due to high selling pressure from some Institutional traders and High Net Worth Individuals (HNIs) even at low price levels. This offloading of stocks at low price levels indicates that HNIs and institutional traders expect that stock prices will fall more in the future than the current price levels.

Also, if this situation remains a cause of fall for the stock prices then dip in price levels will continue in future as well. Despite this pressure on price levels of stocks, it is important to note that price trend can never be a straight line. It keeps on having short corrective actions in between the trend pattern. This acts as a short-term relief to traders, who are in a difficult position due to losses.
In this situation, the potential rally occurring before the announcement of the budget could possibly give opportunity to retail traders to gain profits. This type of market situation indicates that traders are more possibly going to sell their stocks when an increase in price level is observed. They are not going to hold the stocks for long-term gains. The reason for this is because retail traders anticipate that price levels of stocks will fall again.

Technical Analysis
The daily chart of the Nifty 50 represents a head and shoulder pattern. It is a bearish head and shoulder pattern. The price movement is also below the 20-day moving average. The 20-day moving average (MA) represents the average price movement over the period of the last 20 trading days. Overall, the technical analysis indicates the recent trend as downtrend. Also, the recent buy orders of traders are facing losses due to the current price being lower than the purchase price. Further, the traders are facing the burden of mark-to-market margin calls.

The head and shoulder is a popular pattern and also considered as the most reliable reversal patterns. The pattern is identified by a head, two shoulders peaks (left and right shoulders) and also a neckline (acting as a trendline). It helps to project price targets and it has a success rate of 65 percent. In the daily chart of Nifty 50, the trendline is acting as a strong resistance level. The projected price target for Nifty is around 21,657 for the upcoming few weeks. This projection remains the same unless any trigger occurs in the price movement leading to affecting price levels.

Effects on individual stocks under Nifty 50
Though the decline in Nifty may not be large enough, it is important to note that the indices represents an average price of its constituent stocks. The headline index Nifty 50 consists of 50 stocks. Due to this, decline in the Nifty 50 index trend will be moderate. However, the individual stocks will be inclined to drop adversely. No moderation effect will be observed in these stocks which would fail to mitigate the pressure shareholders will face in times of falling prices.

Intra-day ranges
The intra-day ranges for headline indices such as Nifty and Bank Nifty is between 1.25 to 1.75 percent daily. On the other hand, intra-day ranges for individual stocks is between 2.50 to 2.25 percent daily. These ranges indicate that the impact of decline in individual stocks is more than decline in indices.

While concluding, the baseline is that the investors should prioritise capital preservation than running towards capital appreciation.

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Indian Gem & Jewelry Market Set to Grow from $85 Billion to $130 Billion by 2030

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HCL close to hit all time high in deal pipeline
Business, Equities, Markets - January 14, 2025

HCL close to hit all time high in deal pipeline

HCL close to hit all time high in deal pipeline

CEO of HCLTech, C. Vijayakumar stated that the deal pipeline of the company is close to recording an all-high high. HCL Tech is considered as India’s third largest IT services company. On 13th January, 2025, HCL Tech announced its third quarter report of the financial year 2025. It recorded a 5 percent year-on-year growth in operational revenue. Its third quarter earnings report is in line with market expectations.

Reasons for deal pipeline reaching an all time high
HCL Tech’s previous high peak was mainly due to its mega-deal of $2.1 million with Verizon Business. The deal was to provide managed network services. Unlike this previous peak, the current peak is strongly driven by the company’s growth in various sectors. It indicates that the success of reaching a peak is not fueled by one single big deal, but by multiple deals with various sectors. This all time high peak is driven by diverse growth.

The order books of HCL tech for the regions in America and Europe is recorded as all-time high. The company is observing strong growth in vertical sectors such as retail, technology, and consumer packaged goods services.

The reason for growth in diverse sectors is driven by strengthening of discretionary demand. Also rather than big deals, the multiple smaller deals in various sectors are secured in HCL tech. The reason for this is shortening of deal cycles leading to an increase in demand for small deals. This is also the reason for change in Annual Contract Value (ACV), but no change in Total Contract Value (TCV).

HCL Tech’s peer Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) also recorded a change in client trends due to a shortening timeline of deals.

Deals in the third quarter
HCL Tech acquired a deal worth $2.1 billion in the third quarter of the financial year 2025. It was mainly driven by its main services and software business. It secured twelve deals in the third quarter. The twelve deals consist of seven deals from services business and five deals secured from HCL software. The considerable number of deals includes features related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Generative AI (Gen AI). It indicates that many deals are driven by AI-led transformation. The deal is spread across various areas such as engineering, R&D services, digital application business, and digital process operations. The AI and Gen AI play a critical part in the company’s operational activities. HCL tech’s some of the largest deals are driven by AI-led transformation only. One of the reasons for this is that Gen AI has a strong practical advantage due to the significant fall in cost incurred from the beginning of the year 2023.

In terms of its broad-based growth in diverse sectors, the company also registered a growth in client spending in the financial services sector.

The HCL tech expects the impact of wildfires in Los Angeles is not much significant on their contracts with the US insurance companies. Further, the company is recording an increase in small as well as large deals in the Europe region. This indicates that healthy growth in the deal pipeline with both America and Europe is recorded across various sectors. This also hints at favorable future growth of HCL tech’s small and large deals with both these regions.

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India’s Steel Demand Set to Rise 8-9% in 2025

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Festo Launches ₹500 Crore Facility to Boost Automation
Business, Equities, Markets - January 14, 2025

NBFC & HFC Loan Growth to Slow in FY25 Amid Softer Demand and RBI Norms

NBFC & HFC Loan Growth to Slow in FY25 Amid Softer Demand and RBI Norms

Overview
A Jefferies study projected that the loan growth of Indian Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) and Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) (apart from Infrastructure Finance Companies (IFCs)) would slow to 17% in FY25 from 21% in FY24. According to the research, this moderation is the result of softer macroeconomic conditions, which have led to a decline in loan demand. It predicted that growth would level off and settle at healthy levels in FY26e. It predicted that growth would level off and settle at healthy levels in FY26e. With the exception of IFC, we anticipate that sector loan growth will slow to 17% in FY25e (compared to 21% in FY24) and level off around these levels in FY26e. Additionally, according to an article published in the Economic Times, most lenders recorded reduced credit growth in the three months due to a combination of factors, including slower consumer demand, risk aversion toward unsecured loans, and lackluster deposit growth until late into the December quarter.

RBI’s guidelines on lending to NBFCs led to a slowdown in credit growth
According to the research, this moderation has been aided by a cyclical downturn in industries like automobiles as well as decreased lending to unsecured and microfinance loans (MFI), in accordance with RBI advice.

In November of last year, the RBI released guidelines on the NBFC’s lending criteria which increased risk weights on bank funding to NBFCs. This acted as the preliminary reason behind the slowing down in credit growth. The shadow banks diversified their funding sources as a result of this action. These days, NBFCs are more often using the domestic capital market to raise money through bonds and the international market to access dollar bonds and syndicated loans. Put this in figures, compared to a 19% increase in the same time in 2023, lending growth to the NBFC sector fell to 7.8% year-over-year in the two weeks ended November 29, 2024. As a result of this slowdown, sectoral deployment data issued by the RBI showed that credit growth to the services sector decreased from 22.2% year over year to 14.4%.

In absolute terms, credit to the NBFC sector was Rs 15.75 trillion at the end of the two weeks ending November 29, 2024, as opposed to Rs 15.48 trillion at the end of the two weeks ending March 22, 2024, according to RBI data. In its most recent “trend and progress report,” the RBI emphasized that NBFCs must further diversify their funding sources as a risk mitigation tactic because, notwithstanding recent moderation, their reliance on banks is still significant.

Jefferies report further stated that during 1HFY25e, growth moderation was comparatively milder in other areas, although it has been significant in unsecured PL, consumer lending, and MFI.

According to the RBI’s Financial Stability Report, shadow bank loan growth slowed to 6.5% on a half-year-on-half-year (H-O-H) basis in September 2024 after the RBI increased risk weights on NBFC lending to specific consumer credit categories and bank lending to NBFCs. The RBI claims that the upper-layer NBFCs segment, which is mainly made up of NBFC-Investment credit companies and has a large percentage of retail lending (63.8%) in its loan book, was where the effects of the credit moderation were most noticeable. Nonetheless, middle-layer NBFCs—apart from government-owned NBFCs—maintained strong credit growth, particularly in portfolios of retail loans.

Additionally, private placement is the preferred method for bonds listed on reputable exchanges, and NBFCs continue to be the biggest issuers in the corporate bond market. NBFCs tried to diversify their funding sources by issuing more listed non-convertible debentures (NCDs) in the face of a slowdown in bank direct lending. In order to diversify their funding sources and keep total expenses under control, NBFCs are now taking out more foreign currency loans. Nevertheless, the RBI has issued a warning that, to the extent that these NBFCs remain unhedged, the increase in foreign currency borrowings may present currency concerns.

Asset Under Management of NBFCs on a decline
According to the research, NBFCs’ Asset Under Management (AUM) growth is anticipated to decrease to 20% in FY25 from 24% in FY24. HFCs might, however, experience better AUM growth, increasing from 11% in FY24 to 12–13% in FY26. Further, economic activity is expected to rise in FY26, which would help stabilize growth in the sector.For the FY25–27 period, the coverage AUM (excluding IIFL) is expected to grow at a CAGR of 19%, which is slightly higher than the 18% predicted for FY25. As of September 2024, the growth in loans for Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) and NBFCs has decreased from 22% in March 2024 to 20%.

Further, the slowdown has been most noticeable in consumer financing, MFI loans, and unsecured personal loans, while growth in other areas has slowed down somewhat in the first half of FY25. About 30% of NBFC and HFC lending is provided by infrastructure finance companies (IFCs), whose share of the sector’s asset under management (AUM) growth slowed to 15% in September 2024 from 18% in March 2024.

Sectoral credit growth trends to follow in 2025
By segment, incremental growth trends in 2025 are probably going to differ. Auto loans and other segments are forecast to stabilize and possibly pick up if macroeconomic conditions improve as planned, the research noted, even if growth in unsecured loans and MFI loans is predicted to remain muted throughout the first half of the year.

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India’s Steel Demand Set to Rise 8-9% in 2025

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Adani Group Stocks Rally on SEBI Relief, Investors Watch Pending 22 Orders for Clarity
Business, Equities, Markets - January 13, 2025

Adani Group Announces Rs. 65,000 Crore Investment in Chhattisgarh's Energy and Cement Sectors

Adani Group Announces Rs. 65,000 Crore Investment in Chhattisgarh’s Energy and Cement Sectors

On 12th January, 2025, the Adani Group announced an investment in projects related to energy and cement worth Rs. 65,000 crore in the state of Chhattisgarh. The announcement was made by chairman of Adani Group Gautam Adani, when he met Chief Minister of Chhattisgarh, Vishnu Deo Sai at CM’s official residence located in Raipur, capital of Chhattisgarh on 12th of January.

Adani Power is regarded as India’s top private producer of thermal power. In the previous month, the company was considering investing Rs 20,000 crore in establishing a coal-fired power plant in the state of Bihar.

The action of Adani Group to invest in Chhattisgarh acts as an expansion of scope of Adani Group’s investment areas. Earlier, it was limited to only states such as Maharashtra and Gujarat.

Aim of the investment plan in Chhattisgarh
The plan aims to increase the company’s power plants in the three cities of Chhattisgarh state which includes Raipur, Raigarh, and Korba. It aims to increase the state’s power generating capacity to around 6,120 MW. It will not only expand the power generation capacity of the State but also acts as a key for economic growth. It will help in creating a significant amount of job opportunities in the state and particularly in these three cities.

Along with this investment, the group has also allocated Rs. 5000 crore with the intention of expansion and development of the cement plants in the Chhattisgarh state. The aim is to intensify its manufacturing capabilities in the cement sector. The firm Adani Cement already has two integrated units in the state. It is located at Bhatapara and Jamul. The firm has already made public that it will expand its integrated unit in Bhatapara.

The investment plan in Chhattisgarh is giving Adani an advantage by giving them a chance to explore this unexplored potential in energy and infrastructure sectors. It will help in strengthening its shares in these sectors.

CSR initiatives
Adani Group also gave commitment to the government of Chhatisgarh that investment worth Rs. Rs. 10,000 crore will be given for the upcoming 4 years. This investment will be used for supporting social programs such as education, skill development, healthcare and tourism sectors. These initiatives will be undertaken by the aid of Adani Foundation.

Potential Collaborations
The meeting between the chairman of Adani Group and CM of Chattishgarh also discussed potential areas of collaborations for them. It includes areas such as manufacturing equipements related to defence sector and also on creation of data centres. It also explored potential in the establishment of a global capability centre in the state of Chhattisgarh. This exploration in various sectors will certainly encourage future development of the state in various sectors.

The overall investment plan of Adani Group in the state of Chhattisgarh consists of energy, cement, CSR, and other various sectors is anticipated to be around 75,000 crore. This will lead to creation of new employment opportunities and also boosting economic growth in the state of Chhattisgarh. It is not only an important step for Adani group in terms of expansion but for Chhattisgarh in terms of progressive growth.

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Air India aims to double international transit traffic in next 3 years

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Gold Prices Plunge as Israel-Iran Ceasefire Triggers Market Volatility
Business, Equities, Markets - January 13, 2025

Indian Gem & Jewelry Market Set to Grow from $85 Billion to $130 Billion by 2030

Indian Gem & Jewelry Market Set to Grow from $85 Billion to $130 Billion by 2030

Overview
Currently valued at USD 85 billion, the Gem & Jewellery Export Promotion Council (GJEPC), the leading trade association for the gem and jewelry sector, projects that the Indian market would grow quickly to USD 130 billion by 2030.

De Beers Group Collabaration
GJEPC chairman Vipul Shah stated at a press conference that the organization has so far spent Rs 150 crores on generic diamond advertising worldwide. In order to bolster this endeavor, GJEPC and De Beers inked a formal Memorandum of Understanding on January 7th, 2025 to promote diamonds through the Retail Alliance in India.

The world’s top diamond firm, De Beers Group, and GJEPC announced the start of a strategic partnership aimed at enhancing the natural diamond narrative in the Indian gem and jewelry industry. The Indian Natural Diamond Retailer Alliance, or INDRA, is a partnership that will empower independent shops in India by providing them with capabilities that go above the norm, such as using artificial intelligence to develop tailored retailer marketing.

From September 11–13, 2025, GJEPC will hold its first exhibition in Saudi Arabia. This event would facilitate to bolster bilateral trade between India and the GCC region by way of opening up previously unheard-of possibilities for cooperation and positive change. Mr. Shah claims that this will pave the way for further trade between India and the GCC on a bilateral basis.

Shah further added that by leveraging the nation’s vibrant youth, the emergence of organized players, and the growing demand for bridal, everyday wear, fashion, and entry-level jewelry, INDRA is positioned to capitalize on this momentum. This program embodies a common goal of raising consumer demand, empowering retailers, and educating stakeholders—all while emphasizing the natural diamonds’ eternal value.

India is the world’s second-largest market for diamond jewelry retail sales, according to Sandrine Conseiller, CEO of De Beers, and it has room to develop in terms of diamond production and commerce. India still has a lot of unrealized potential, though, given its thriving economy, expanding youth population, and numerous well-known diamond companies. The current percentage of natural diamond penetration in the retail jewelry industry in India is just about 10%, far lower than that of more developed jewelry markets like the US. Within the next three years, plans are underway to raise it to fifty percent. We will contribute to the expansion of consumer demand for all forms of natural diamond jewelry, including bridal, daily wear, and entry-level items, through our new partnership with the GJEPC, Conseiller stated further.

He further highlighted the current state of affairs by stating that the global diamond jewelry business is valued at $89 billion. Regarding the US and India, the US is the biggest consumer of polished diamond and custom jewelry, while India is a significant market for these items. By 2030, India’s GDP is expected to have grown from its current value of 3.5 trillion dollars to $7.9 trillion. The jewelry and gem industries are among the coveted products that have seen significant growth in the Indian market.

Memorandum of Understanding with DHL Express
Additionally, GJEPC inked a Memorandum of Understanding with DHL Express, the world leader in international express services, to enable the effective transportation of jewelry made in India throughout the world, as part of an effort to increase gem and jewelry exports through e-commerce, Mr. Shah stated.

Mr. Shah maintained his optimism for 2025 in terms of exports. In the near future, demand for jewellery and diamonds is set to rise as US President Donald Trump is back at the White House there is increasing optimism that the geopolitical environment will stabilize, commerce will pick up and at the same time, supply chains are set to streamline. But, according to Mr. Shah, GJEPC is constantly looking into new markets while bolstering its position in current ones.

West Bengal as a global centre for costume and fashion jewelry
GJEPC intends to turn Singur, West Bengal, into a major hub for the export of fashionable jewelry and costumes worldwide. Women make up approximately 20% of the workforce in the manufacturing facilities in and around Singur, Hooghly, where about 1 lakh skilled Bengali artisans labor. The growth of Singur as an export hub would also benefit the local cottage industry. Recently, Singur began producing high-quality imported gypsum as well. The Hooghly district’s Singur is perfectly situated in the middle, near five train stations, and along the NH-2, which connects to Kolkata International Airport.

The artisanal heritage of Singur is based on the well-known craftsmanship of Kolkata, which provides a wealth of artistic abilities that Singur’s jewelry makers can utilize. He continued by saying that Singur’s manufacturers have a strategic chance to address this need and improve their worldwide visibility as a result of the US shifting global trade dynamics and shifting procurement away from China.

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Air India aims to double international transit traffic in next 3 years

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Jindal Steel & Power Q1 FY26: Profits Surge on Operational Gains and Strategic Growth
Business, Equities, Markets - January 13, 2025

India's Steel Demand Set to Rise 8-9% in 2025

India’s Steel Demand Set to Rise 8-9% in 2025

With a demand rise of 8–9% in 2025, India will continue to surpass other significant steel-consuming economies, according to CRISIL’s Market Intelligence & Analytics research. The survey also stated that increased demand from engineering, packaging, and other industries will fuel this need, as well as a move toward steel-intensive development in the housing and infrastructure sectors.

Domestic Supply still muted
However, the report notes that domestic supply will continue to be a “point of concern,” noting that demand in India is thought to have climbed by 11%. Weaker output growth in 2024 was also caused by competitive imports and a drop in exports. To put it in figures, 3.2 million tonnes of finished steel were made available outside of domestic production as a result of a 6.4% decrease in exports and a 24.5% increase in finished steel imports. Furthermore, this additional material availability satisfied 2% of the total demand for finished steel.

According to the research, India has seen a sharp rise in the import of finished steel in recent years from all major exporters. For instance, there is little to no amount of hot-rolled coils and strips (HRC) as well as cold-rolled coils and strips (CRC) supplied by China which has been a long-time supplier of alloy, stainless, and galvanized and coated steel. However, imports of HRC surged 28 times between 2022 and 2024, while imports of finished steel from China increased 2.4 times.

Notably, HRC is used as a raw material to make a variety of downstream goods with added value. Since these imports are frequently less expensive than domestic HRC, domestic steel prices are under pressure.

In a similar vein, HRC imports rose 16.6 times in 2024 compared to 2022, while total finished steel imports from Japan increased 2.8 times. At the same time, when HRC imports sored 27-fold, Vietnam’s finished steel imports increased 8-fold. South Korea’s proportion in India’s completed steel import basket decreased due to its very moderate import growth.

Domestic Steel prices fall
In contrast, domestic steel prices fell in 2024 as a result of increased material supply brought on by a rise in net imports. The topline growth of domestic mills was slowed by a 9% decrease in HRC pricing and a 7% reduction in CRC prices. Nonetheless, the study indicates that low volatility and declining coking coal prices have lessened margin pressure to some extent.

In 2024, the spot price of coking coal for the Premium Low Volatility grade, which is of Australian origin, dropped by 12%, although iron ore prices are expected to have increased by 9% to 10% over that time. Interestingly, the cost of Chinese HRC exports decreased by 12% in 2024 and remains cheaper than that of local mills.

Steel Prices in 2025
According to the analysis, if the industry’s suggested safeguard charge is imposed, steel prices in 2025 would be significantly higher than in 2024, with the impact being more noticeable in the first half of the year.

HD Kumaraswamy, the Union Steel Minister, recently told a news agency that the government was thinking of putting a 25% ‘safeguard duty’ on steel imports. It follows concerns expressed by a number of industry participants regarding low-cost steel imports from China and other nations.

Vishal Singh from CRISIL stated regarding the steel prices saying that steel prices are set to remain soft in 2025 amid global steel prices going on a downtrend. Prices could increase by 4-6% if the safeguard duty is implemented. Additionally, flat steel costs will drop as mills boost production volume from recently commissioned capabilities, but they will still be higher than the average price for 2024.

Global Steel Demand
In 2024, the demand for steel globally saw a slight decline of 1% as per the report published by CRISIL. Despite favorable regulatory changes and the delivery of assistance packages, demand in China, the world’s largest producer and consumer of steel, fell 3.5%, driven mostly by a fall in steel demand from the real estate sector.

The demand for steel from the US, Japan, and Europe also saw an estimated 2-3% decline in demand. Demand growth in emerging nations like Brazil and India, however, prevented a sharp drop in worldwide demand. According to estimates, demand has grown by 2.7% in other steel-consuming economies, 5.6% in Brazil, and 11% in India.

Due to improved financing circumstances and pent-up demand from several important steel-consuming economies, which would boost manufacturing operations, the world’s steel demand is predicted to increase by 0.5% to 1.5% in 2025.

Growth will also be supported by the expected recovery in residential construction in economies including the US, EU, and Korea, which coincides with the loosening of financing requirements. According to the research, India would remain at the top of the demand rankings.

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Upcoming Budget: Real estate Industry seeks Stamp duty cuts and revised home loan limits

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Air India’s Mega Aircraft Deal: Financing India’s Largest Fleet Expansion via GIFT City and Global Leasing Hubs
Business, Equities, Markets - January 13, 2025

Air India aims to double international transit traffic in next 3 years

Air India aims to double international transit traffic in next 3 years

Air India’s Chief Commercial Officer (CCO) Nipun Aggarwal stated that currently Air India’s total international passengers close to 10 percent use Indian airports as transit hubs. Annually, around 130 million passengers fly over India. In this, the transit traffic of about 10 percent and 7.5 percent is handled by Dubai and Doha, respectively. Compared to this, Delhi handles less than 1 percent of this transit traffic in current times. According to Aggrawal, this could act as a significant growth opportunity. Air India’s total international traffic is expected to grow by 15 percent to 20 percent in the next three years. This is Air India’s aspiration and commitment to achieve the goal.

Expansion plan of international transit traffic
Aggrawal states that the airline has already increased its transit traffic to the west and now it is time to increase the connectivity in the east of India as well. With a particular focus on Southeast Asia to attract more international-to-international (I2I) traffic.

He further states that Indian airlines have largely failed to notice the unexplored potential in the Europe-Australia corridor. Air India has adjusted their flight schedules to ensure smooth and convenient connectivity of Western destinations such as Frankfurt, Paris, London with Eastern destinations such as Melbourne and Sydney.

Rebuilding Widebody planes
Since the year 2019 -20, Air India’s business class and premium economy cabins have recorded an increase in revenue by 2.3 times. While, the revenue generation of the economy class has recorded an increase by 1.6 times. By taking into consideration the category-wise revenue generation, the company plans to increase the number of seats in business as well as premium economy cabins which is also known as front-cabins in its widebody planes. Once the upgrade is finished, the number of front-cabin seats available will be doubled compared to the present number of seats available. Also, the revenue will also increase from these planes. The airline plans to start rebuilding of widebody planes by the month of July.

Expansion plans of Direct Flights
Air India has repeatedly rejected increasing bilateral rights with countries such as Qatar and UAE. It believes that these countries’ airlines use their hubs to carry a significant share of traffic from India to countries in North America and Europe. Also, the current bilateral rights of India with Dubai and Doha hubs is more than sufficient fr the purpose of origin-destination (point-to-point) traffic.

In the near future, Air India intends to increase its shares in traffic by increasing direct flights to North America and European countries. The company understands that in order to achieve a big share of the international market, there is a need to strengthen Delhi and Mumbai hubs.

Wet Leasing planes
Wet Leasing planes refers to not only leasing aircraft but also its crew, insurance and maintenance unlike dry leasing which only allows renting aircraft. In the month of December 2024, the government of India allowed airlines to wet lease planes on new routes. It was started to satisfy the rising demand and to give a temporary solution to slow deliveries of new aircrafts. The CCO of Air India stated that the company is not involved in wet leasing.

The reason for not using wet leasing planes is due to its operational challenges associated with it, particularly occurring while creating a sustainable flight network. The wet leasing method is quite useful in times of sudden rise in demand. Air India’s purpose is not at present to satisfy this current surge in demand but to focus on long-term growth. The company has already put orders for new planes.

Sales Channels of Air India
Air India’s website or app contributes to 20 percent of its international ticket sales. While, the domestic sales channels contribute to 40 percent of sales and the remaining sales of Air India’s international ticket is carried through foreign sales channels. It is difficult to identify a strategy to increase sales through foreign sales channels as it changes market to market. Also, the company focuses on maximising returns and not on focusing on one particular sales channel and its revenue.

Impact of Rupee depreciation
The current rupee depreciation has significantly burdened the cost structure of Air India. The reason for that is the company’s many expenses are done in dollar-denomination except employee related expenditure.

Due to its presence in operating many international flights and also charging in foreign currencies give it a somewhat natural protection from currency fluctuation. Despite this, it is facing challenges in profitability and fares due to around half of the tickets being sold in Indian currency. Also, depreciation of currency not only affects fares prices but also demand. This challenge is faced by the entire Indian aviation industry. Air India is taking efforts to resolve this issue by increasing productivity and also implementing measures to ensure efficiency in operations.

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JLR Leads Tata Motors’ Q3FY2025 Recovery, But Domestic Challenges Persist

JLR Leads Tata Motors’ Q3FY2025 Recovery, But Domestic Challenges Persist

Jaguar Land Rover Ltd (JLR), the global subsidiary of Tata Motors Ltd, has shown signs of recovery in Q3FY2025, driven by improved wholesales and a better product mix. However, challenges in Tata Motors’ domestic business and uncertainties in the global auto market may limit the upside.

JLR: A Positive Turnaround in Q3FY2025
After a subdued performance in the first half of FY2025, JLR’s wholesales grew by 3% year-on-year (YoY) in Q3FY2025, reflecting an improvement in demand across key developed markets. While demand for premium and luxury vehicles remained tepid in retail channels, higher wholesale dispatches and an improved average selling price (ASP) indicate better revenue and profitability prospects.

Regionally, JLR’s performance was bolstered by strong demand in the US and parts of Western Europe. However, challenges persisted in the UK and China, where demand moderated. An increase in the contribution of JLR’s power brands to 70% of total sales, up from 64% six quarters ago, highlights a favorable shift towards premium models, which bodes well for margins.

Supply-side constraints that impacted JLR in earlier quarters have eased, as evidenced by reduced inventory levels and higher dispatches. Analysts anticipate a sequential improvement in JLR’s EBITDA margin for Q3FY2025, though it may still lag YoY levels. Importantly, the company remains on track to achieve £1 billion in free cash flows (FCF) for FY2025, supported by a net-cash balance sheet—a significant positive for Tata Motors’ consolidated financials.

The premium product mix in JLR’s sales continues to boost profitability prospects. As JLR’s power brands increasingly dominate the sales portfolio, the company benefits from higher margins. This trend, along with easing supply constraints, has led to improved inventory management. Analysts believe that these positive developments mark a crucial step in rebuilding investor confidence.

Domestic Business: A Mixed Bag
While JLR’s revival brings optimism, Tata Motors’ domestic operations face headwinds. The commercial vehicle (CV) segment has seen flat volume growth, reflecting a challenging demand environment. Meanwhile, Tata Motors’ passenger vehicle (PV) business has been losing market share, with electric vehicle (EV) sales failing to meet expectations amidst rising competition.

The domestic PV market is undergoing a significant transformation, with multiple new entrants and rising competition in the EV space. Tata Motors, despite its early lead in EVs, faces challenges in maintaining its growth momentum. Increased competition from both established players and startups is pressuring market share. Additionally, the company’s focus on expanding EV offerings has yet to deliver the desired results in terms of volume and profitability.

In the CV segment, economic factors such as rising interest rates and uneven demand recovery are limiting growth. Infrastructure development and government spending on large projects, which typically boost CV sales, have been slower than anticipated. Consequently, Tata Motors’ CV business has struggled to deliver strong results this quarter.

Consolidated Outlook: Recovery with Caution
Improved operating leverage in JLR and the standalone entity is expected to drive a recovery in Tata Motors’ Q3FY2025 consolidated profit margins and net profit compared to Q2FY2025. However, the path to sustainable growth will hinge on several factors:

Global Luxury Auto Market: The global premium car market’s recovery remains uneven, with concerns around whether discounts will be needed to stimulate demand in 2025. Prolonged economic uncertainties and geopolitical risks could further impact consumer sentiment in key markets like Europe and the US.

EV Ramp-Up: Both JLR and Tata Motors’ domestic EV businesses need to accelerate growth to capture emerging opportunities. JLR’s transition to electric models will require significant investments and strategic partnerships to ensure competitiveness in the evolving global market.

Macroeconomic Uncertainty: Changes in US policies on duties, taxes, and oil prices could impact demand dynamics in key markets. Rising energy costs and inflationary pressures could further complicate the operating environment for global automakers.

While JLR’s progress in Q3FY2025 is encouraging, sustaining this momentum will require consistent execution and strategic clarity. Tata Motors must address its domestic challenges while leveraging JLR’s global recovery to build a stronger consolidated performance. The coming quarters will be critical in determining whether Tata Motors can achieve sustainable growth and enhance shareholder value.

Tata Motors’ ability to navigate these challenges will define its performance in 2025 and beyond. Its strategic focus on premium vehicles, EV transition, and operational efficiency will be key to overcoming headwinds and delivering long-term growth. Investors and stakeholders will closely monitor the company’s efforts to address domestic market weaknesses while capitalizing on JLR’s improving trajectory in global markets.

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