Corporate Bond Issuances Set to Hit ₹11 Trillion in FY26 Amid Falling Rates and Delayed Bank Transmission
India’s corporate debt market is poised for another record-breaking year in FY26, with bond issuances expected to exceed ₹11 trillion. This would mark a significant jump from ₹9.95 trillion raised in FY25 and signals a shift in preference toward market-based borrowing over traditional bank loans. With bond yields declining and banks slow to cut lending rates, companies are seizing the opportunity to raise funds at lower costs.
Key Drivers Behind the Surge in Bond Issuances
The surge in corporate bond issuance is largely driven by the divergence in rate transmission between the bond market and the banking system. After the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) initiated rate cuts, yields in the bond market responded swiftly. The 10-year government bond yield fell nearly 38 basis points from 6.70% to 6.32%, making it more attractive for corporates to raise funds through bonds.
In contrast, banks were slower to pass on the benefits of rate cuts. For instance, the one-year marginal cost of lending rate (MCLR) dropped by only 10 basis points during the same period, standing at 8.90%. This lag in rate transmission has widened the cost gap, making debt markets the preferred route for corporates seeking affordable capital.
Front-Loading of Borrowings
Another notable trend is the front-loading of bond issuances. During the first quarter of FY26, companies secured ₹2.79 trillion via 506 private placements—significantly surpassing the ₹1.56 trillion raised in the same quarter of FY25.This sharp increase shows that corporates are rushing to lock in lower rates before any possible reversal in monetary policy.
Companies still favour private placements as their primary method for raising debt. Companies prefer this route due to its flexibility, quicker turnaround, and reduced compliance compared to public issues. In FY25, only ₹19,000 crore was raised through public bond issuances, highlighting the overwhelming preference for private deals.
Who’s Borrowing and at What Rates?
The bulk of recent bond issuances have come from highly rated companies, especially those with AAA credit ratings. Firms like Bajaj Housing Finance and L&T Finance successfully raised funds in June with coupon rates ranging between 7.0% and 7.5%. These rates are considerably lower than those offered by banks for similar credit quality, reinforcing the shift towards bonds.
The investor base for corporate bonds is also expanding. Mutual funds, insurance companies, and pension funds are showing growing interest in these instruments due to the attractive yield spreads over government securities. This demand further supports the momentum in the primary bond market.
Market Size and Comparison with Global Peers
Despite the robust growth, India’s corporate bond market remains underdeveloped relative to other major economies. Currently, the market accounts for about 18% of the country’s GDP. In contrast, China’s corporate debt market represents roughly 36% of its GDP, and South Korea’s stands at nearly 80%.
The lack of a deep and active secondary market is one of the main reasons behind this gap. According to RBI data, the average secondary market turnover in corporate bonds is only about 3.8% of outstanding bonds. Low liquidity discourages retail participation and limits price discovery, posing a challenge to long-term market development.
Delayed Transmission in Bank Credit
While bond issuances have grown rapidly, bank credit to industries continues to lag. As of May 2025, year-on-year credit growth to the industrial sector stood at 4.8%—a modest figure compared to the spike in debt market activity. The slow adjustment in lending rates and tight credit assessment by banks have nudged corporates toward more efficient capital-raising options like bonds.
Forecasts and Outlook
Rating agencies and market participants expect this trend to continue. ICRA estimates that corporate bond issuances may total between ₹10.7 trillion and ₹11.3 trillion by FY26-end. Others believe that if the current momentum continues, the market could even surpass ₹12 trillion this fiscal year.
However, the pace may moderate in the second half of the year if the RBI decides to pause or reverse its rate-cutting cycle due to inflationary pressures or global uncertainties. Additionally, improving secondary market liquidity and increasing public issuances could further support the market’s depth and resilience.
Structural Reforms Still Needed
Despite strong momentum, several structural issues need to be addressed. These include improving transparency, easing public issuance norms, developing the secondary market, and encouraging wider investor participation. SEBI and RBI have taken steps in this direction, but consistent reforms are essential to build a deeper and more vibrant corporate bond ecosystem.
Conclusion
India’s corporate bond market is on track for another landmark year, fueled by favorable interest rate dynamics and increased reliance on private placements. As companies take advantage of lower yields and bypass sluggish bank lending, the debt market is evolving into a major funding channel. Yet, for sustainable growth, long-standing challenges like liquidity, access, and regulatory hurdles must be tackled head-on.
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