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India’s Defence Sector Transforms: 11 Years of Strategic Growth and Self-Reliance

With a focus on self-reliance, military modernization, and record-breaking exports, India’s defence capabilities have witnessed unprecedented transformation since 2014.

A Decade of Defence Reform: How India Reinvented Its Military Power

Over the past 11 years, the Narendra Modi-led central government has reshaped India’s defence landscape with a strong emphasis on indigenous production, technological advancement, and strategic modernization. The transformation has not only strengthened the nation’s ability to secure its borders but has also positioned India as an emerging global arms exporter. From conducting high-profile counter-terrorism missions to enhancing the role of women in the armed forces, the journey has been both dynamic and impactful.

Historic Surge in Defence Production

One of the most notable achievements has been the tremendous increase in defence manufacturing. Beginning in 2014, India’s domestically-driven defence manufacturing sector has expanded exponentially—climbing 174% to achieve an unprecedented output of ₹1.27 lakh crore by the end of FY 2023–24. This leap has been largely fueled by the government’s focus on boosting in-house research, local manufacturing, and policy reforms that promote indigenous capabilities under the “Make in India” initiative.

Defence Exports Break Global Barriers

Transitioning from a legacy of dependence on overseas military supplies, India has redefined its position by becoming a key contender in the international defence export landscape. By FY 2024–25, India’s outbound defence trade had escalated to ₹23,622 crore—representing a 34-times leap, driven by robust industrial growth and deepening global defence partnerships. Today, India supplies arms and defence systems to over 85 countries—including strategic partners such as the United States, France, and Armenia—demonstrating the growing credibility of Indian-made military hardware.

Indigenous Systems at the Forefront

The government’s push for self-reliance has led to the successful deployment of several homegrown defence platforms. These include the Akash missile defence system, BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles, loitering munitions, and the Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) Prachand. Advanced projects like the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) also reflect India’s ambitions in next-gen warfare technologies. Notably, these systems were employed during recent military operations such as Operation Sindoor, reinforcing their tactical value and reliability.

Defence Corridors: Powering the Ecosystem

To strengthen the nation’s defence manufacturing ecosystem, the government has developed specialized defence hubs in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Together, these zones have attracted confirmed investments of over ₹8,658 crore and signed 253 Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs), which represent a potential future investment of ₹53,439 crore. These corridors aim to create a robust defence ecosystem by involving private industry, startups, and academic institutions.

Military Modernisation and Structural Reforms

Significant policy and structural changes have been introduced to modernize the armed forces:

• Revamped Acquisition Framework: The Defence Procurement Process has been restructured to give precedence to Indian manufacturers, encouraging homegrown innovation and indigenous sourcing.
• Unified Command Structure: The establishment of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) post has led to improved inter-service coordination, streamlining strategic planning.
• Theatre Command Model: Efforts are underway to implement theatre commands, a unified approach to military operations that ensures optimal use of resources and enhances operational synergy.

Women in Uniform: A Progressive Shift

Over the past ten years, the presence of women in the armed forces has grown significantly, marking a notable shift in gender inclusion. The number of female officers has tripled, now exceeding 11,000. In another progressive move, 507 women officers have been granted permanent commission, allowing them to pursue long-term careers in the services, marking a critical step toward gender equality in India’s military establishment.

Enhanced National Security and Counter-Terrorism

India’s defence reforms have been equally focused on countering external and internal threats:

• Surgical Strikes (2016): In response to the Uri attack, Indian forces conducted targeted operations across the Line of Control in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir, demonstrating a decisive and assertive defence posture.
• Operation Sindoor (2024): Following a deadly terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Jammu & Kashmir, Indian forces launched a powerful retaliatory mission named Operation Sindoor. The operation targeted militant bases in Pakistan and POK, utilizing indigenous technology to deliver a strong message on India’s zero-tolerance approach to terrorism.

Looking Ahead: Goals and Challenges

While notable progress has been made, the road ahead involves key challenges and ambitious targets:

• Strategic Export Goal: By 2029, the government envisions surpassing ₹50,000 crore in defence export value, positioning India as a major force in the international weapons trade.
• R&D Investment: There is an urgent need to increase funding for research and development in cutting-edge military technologies. Deepening indigenous innovation is essential for maintaining global competitiveness and achieving full strategic autonomy.

Final Thoughts

In just over a decade, India’s defence sector has transitioned from import dependency to self-sufficiency, supported by rapid manufacturing growth, soaring exports, and robust policy reforms. Strategic initiatives such as Operation Sindoor, establishment of defence corridors, and the modernization of armed forces highlight a clear intent to secure national interests while expanding India’s role in the global defence economy.

With future plans centered around enhanced exports and deeper R&D, the foundation laid over the past 11 years could shape India into a formidable defence power. The journey so far reflects not just policy execution but also a long-term strategic vision aimed at national security, economic strength, and technological sovereignty.

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