Easing of risk weights on loans given to MFIs and NBFCs

On 25th January, 2025, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) lowered the capital requirement leading to easing up of giving micro loans and loans to microfinance institutions (MFIs) and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs).  RBI lowered the risk weight to 100 percent for NBFCs. These new regulations will come into effect from 1st April, 2025. The main aim of the Reserve Bank of India is to increase liquidity, better loan flows, and also boost growth in the economy. 

Actions taken by RBI

In order to support economic growth, RBI declared a contraction in policy rate by 25 basis points which accounts to 6.25 percent on 7th February, 2025. In less than a month, RBI took the decision of lowering the capital requirement against loans given to NBFCs and MFIs. 

Prior to this, the risk weights on bank credits to Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) was expanded to 125 percent from 100 percent.  The reason for the implementation of this action was to limit unsecured loans, which had expanded to 25 percent in the month of October, 2023. Following expansion in risk weight, NBFCs faced high borrowing costs leading them to demand for relief. 

The recent decision of the RBI restored the risk weights on credits to NBFCs back to 100 percent. It will not only lead to expansion in liquidity but also lower borrowing costs for NBFCs giving them relief from the persistent concerns about high borrowing costs.

Impact of actions taken by RBI

The recent steps of RBI to lower capital requirement will lead to capital of around Rs. 40,000 crore more available for the banks. The banks can now give credit up to Rs. 4 lakh crore to AAA-rated entities. It will lead to lower funding costs,  rise in liquidity, and better margins for institutions. Its goal is to have strategic growth in the economy and to resolve the issue of subdued bank loans to NBFCs.

Changes in risk weight on loans to MFIs

Prior to this decision, banks had to have a capital requirement of 125 percent on loans given to MFIs. The aim of this regulation was to lower potential risks. It made lending to MFIs expensive. 

In a recent decision of RBI, the risk weight is assigned to be 75 percent on loans given to MFIs which will encourage more credit to MFIs. The loans given for consumption purposes are assigned a risk weight of 100 percent.

Reasons for lowering capital requirement 

The decision of RBI to restore risk weight highlights that potential risk prevailing in the economy of unsecured credit has contracted. The previous measures of RBI to expand risk weight has helped the economy and the banking sector. Though, it affected NBFCs, particularly small NBFCs as they faced the issue of high funding costs. Many large NBFCs had to keep their liquidity levels high in order to have enough funds to maintain lending activity.

In the current financial year, the bank loans to NBFCs are recorded to be sluggish. Also, contraction in liquidity in the market was observed. These are reasons why RBI lowered capital requirements and also to prioritise loan flow to under-served segments for growth in the economy. 

It is now time for the economy to target strategic economic growth. It will give more access to funds leading to strong growth in the sector. 

Benefit to banks

The change in regulations of RBI will not only help MFIs and NBFCs but also banks in the sector. The credit system of NBFCs generally functions by taking loans from banks and then using that loan amount to give loans to its customers. The lowering of capital requirement will likely lead to lower interest rate to NBFCs by banks. It will lower the funding costs of NBFCs. 

Bandhan Bank is considered to get more gains as a quarter of its portfolio used to attract 125 percent risk weight but now it will attract 75 percent risk weight. It will aid the bank to lend more as it will have more capital to give credit. It will lead to improvement in its profit margins.

In conclusion, the main aim of the RBI is to have strategic growth by lowering funding costs and improvement in margins for the sector. It also gives relief in terms of loans given to NBFCs and MFIs and addresses the issue of subdued bank credits to NBFCs.